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| Literature of New Zealand ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
New Zealand literature
New Zealand literature may be written by New Zealand-born writers, migrants, or emigrants. It is seen, at present, as dealing with New Zealand themes or places, but some literature written by New Zealanders is occupied with non-parochial themes and places. The notion of 'New Zealand literature' is primarily a 20th-century creation, inspired particularly by essays such as Bill Pearson's ''Fretful Sleepers — A Sketch of New Zealand Behaviour and its Implications for the Artist'' (1974).〔Bill Pearson, ''Fretful Sleepers'' (1974), http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PeaFret.html〕 New Zealand literature is almost exclusively in the English language and as such a sub-type of English literature.
== Early New Zealand literature ==
The Māori were a pre-literate culture until contact with Europeans in the early 19th Century. New Zealand acknowledges the presence of its indigenous Māori and the special place they have in New Zealand culture. Oratory and recitation of quasi historical / hagiographical ancestral blood lines has a special place in Māori culture; notions of 'literature' may fail to describe the Māori cultural forms of the oral tradition.
In the early nineteenth century Christian missionaries developed written forms of Polynesian languages to assist with their evangelical work. The oral tradition of story telling and folklore has survived and the early missionaries collected folk tales. In the pre-colonial period there was no written literature. After European contact and the introduction of literacy there were Māori language publications. No literary works in Māori have been translated and become widely read in the international commercial markets. The Māori language has survived to the present day and, although not widely spoken, it is used as medium of instruction in education in a small number of schools. As far as Māori literature can be said to exist, it is principally literature in English dealing with Māori themes, however it should be noted that some writers are including Maori in their predominantly English-language work, and this may lead to independent works in Maori, such as witnessed in works representing a revival of the suppressed Irish language in the 20th and 21st centuries.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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